Throughout the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Woodland was predominantly an agricultural community, with farming being the primary occupation for most residents. The settlers cleared land for farming and built homes and other structures using local materials, including wood and sandstone. European settlers began arriving in the late 17th century, attracted by the fertile soil and abundant lumber resources.

The area now known as Woodland Township was originally inhabited by the Lenape Native American tribe. Portions of the township were taken to form Tabernacle Township on March 22, 1901. Woodland was incorporated as a township by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 7, 1866, from portions of Pemberton Township, Shamong Township, Southampton Township and Washington Township. The township, and all of Burlington County, is a part of the Philadelphia- Reading- Camden combined statistical area and the Delaware Valley.

As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 1,544, a decrease of 244 (−13.6%) from the 2010 census count of 1,788, which in turn reflected an increase of 618 (+52.8%) from the 1,170 counted in the 2000 census. Woodland Township is a township in Burlington County, in the U.S.

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